Chapter 16 Support And Movements Biology 12th Class Punjab Simulations
Biology English Medium Book
- +16.1 Support in Plants
- +16.1.1 Parenchyma Cells
- +16.1.2 Sclerenchyma Cells
- +16.1.3 Collenchyma Cells
- +16.1.4 Significance of Secondary Growth
- +16.2 Movements in Plants
- +16.2.1 Types of Movements
- +16.2.2 Role of Plant Growth Substances in Plant Movement
- +16.3 Support and Movements in Animals
- +16.3.1 Hydrostatic Skeleton
- +16.3.2 Exoskeleton
- +16.3.1 Endoskeleton
- +16.4 Human Skeleton
- +16.4.1 Axial Skeleton
- +16.4.2 Appendicular Skeleton
- +16.4.3 Joints
- +16.5 Deformities of Skeleton
- +16.5.1 Genetic Causes
- +16.5.2 Hormonal Causes
- +16.5.3 Nutritional Causes
- +16.5.4 Rickets
- +16.5.4 Disc-Slip
- +16.5.5 Spondylosis
- +16.5.6 Sciatica
- +16.5.7 Arthritis
- +16.5.8 Repair of Broken Bones
- +16.6 Muscles
- +16.6.1 Smooth Muscles
- +16.6.2 Cardiac Muscles
- +16.6.3 Skeletal Muscles
- +16.6.4 Controlling the Actin - Myosin Interaction By Ca++ ions
- +16.6.5 Energy for Muscle Contraction
- +16.6.6 Muscle Fatigue
- +16.6.7 Tetany
- +16.6.8 Cramp
- +16.6.9 Arrangement of Skeletal Muscles for Movement of Skeleton
- +16.6.10 Movement of Bones
- +16.7 Locomotion in Proctoctists and Invertebrates
- +16.7.1 Locomotion in Euglena
- +16.7.2 Locomotion in Paramecium
- +16.7.3 Locomotion in Amoeba
- +16.7.4 Locomotion in Jelly Fish
- +16.7.5 Locomotion in Earthworm
- +16.7.6 Locomotion in Cockroach
- +16.7.7 Locomotion in Snail
- +16.7.8 Locomotion in Star Fish
- +16.8 Locomotion and Skeleton in Vertebrates
- +16.8.1 Swimming in Fishes
- +16.8.2 Locomotion in Amphibian
- +16.8.3 Locomotion in Reptiles
- +16.8.4 Locomotion in Air
- +16.8.5 Locomotion in Mammals
- +16.8.6 Evloutionary changes in the arrangement of bones and related mode of locomotion in major groups of vertebrates
Biology
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Updated on: 17-05-2026
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