12th Class Chemistry Video Lectures Punjab

Chemistry English Medium Book

• Chapter 1 Periodic Classification of Elements and Periodicity
  INTRODUCTION, Historical Background, Improvements In Mendeleev 's Periodic Table, THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE, Some More Families in the Periodic Table, PERIODIC TRENDS IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity (E.A), Metallic and Non-Metallic Character, Melting And Boiling Points, Oxidation State, Electrical Conductance, Hydration Energy, PERIODIC RELATIONSHIP IN COMPOUNDS, Hydrides, Oxides, THE POSITION OF HYDROGEN 17
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• Chapter 2 s-Blocks Elements
  INTRODUCTION, Electronic Configurations of s-Block Elements, Occurrence of Alkali Metals, Occurrence of Alkalme-Earth Metals, Peculiar Behaviour of Lithium, Peculiar Behaviour of Beryllium, GENERAL BEHAVIOUR OF ALKALI METALS, Trends in Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals, Trends in Chemical Properties of Alkaline-Earth Metals, General Trends in Properties of Compounds of Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals, COMMERCIAL PREPARATION OF SODIUM BY DOWNS CELL, COMMERCIAL PREPARATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE BY THE DIAPHRAGM CELL, ROLE OF GYPSUM IN AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY, ROLE OF LIME IN AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY 14
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• Chapter 3 Group IIIA and Group IVA Elements
  GROUP IIIA ELEMENTS, Occurrence (Boron and Aluminium), Peculiar Behaviour of Boron, COMPOUNDS OF BORON, Borax (Sodium Tetraborate Na2B4O7.lOH2O), Borax Bead Test, Boric Acids, Orthoboric Acid or Boric acid (H3BO3), REACTIONS OF ALUMINIUM, GROUP IVA ELEMENTS, Occurrence of Carbon, Occurrence of Silicon, Peculiar Behaviour of Carbon, COMPOUNDS OF CARBON AND SILICON, Structure of Oxides of Carbon, Oxides of Silicon, Silicates and their Uses, Silicones, SEMICONDUCTORS, USES OF LEAD COMPOUNDS IN PAINTS 20
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• Chapter 4 Group VA and VIA Elements
  INTRODUCTION, General Characteristics, NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS, Occurrence, Oxides of Nitrogen, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Oxyacids of Nitrogen, Properties of Nitric Acid, Aqua Regia, PHOSPHORUS AND ITS COMPOUNDS, Occurrence, Allotropes of Phosphorus, Halides of Phosphorus, Oxides of Phosphorus, Oxyacids of Phosphorus, Group VIA Elements, General Characteristics, Occurrence, Comparison of Oxygen and Sulphur, SULPHURIC ACID H2SO4, Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid, Properties, Uses of Sulphuric Acid 23
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• Chapter 5 The Halogens and the Noble Gases
  Introduction, OCCURRENCE, PECULIAR BEHAVIOUR OF FLUORINE, OXIDIZING PROPERTIES, COMPOUNDS OF HALOGENS, Hydrides (hydrogen halides, HX), Oxides of Halogens, Reactions of Chlorine with Cold and Hot NaOH, Oxyacids, PERCHLORIC ACID (HCIO4), Bleaching Powder, (Ca(OCl)Cl), COMMERCIAL USES OF HALOGEN AND THEIR COMPOUNDS, NOBLE GASES, Introduction, Compounds of Xenon, Fluorides of Xenon, Xenon Oxyfluorides, Oxides of Xenon, Applications of the Noble Gases 19
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• Chapter 6 Transition Elements
  INTRODUCTION, Typical And Non-Typical Transition Elements, PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS, General charactetistics, Melting and Boiling Points, Oxidation State, COMPLEX COMPOUNDS, Components of Complex Compounds, Chelates, Nomenclature, Geometry of Complexes, IRON, Commercial Forms of Iron, Wrought Iron, Manufacture of Wroughtlron from Cast Iron, Steel, Manufacture of Steel, Open Hearth Process, Bessemer's Process, CORROSION, Electrochemical Theory, Prevention from Corrosion, Tin Plating or Coating Iron with Tin (cathode coating), Galvanizing or Zinc Coating (anode coating), CHROMATES AND DICHROMATES, Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4), Properties, Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7), Properties, POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (KMnO4), Properties 31
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• Chapter 7 Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
  INTRODUCTION, Modern Definition of Organic Chemistry, SOME FEATURES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, CRACKING OF PETROLEUM, REFORMING, CLASSIFICATIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, FUNCTIONAL GROUP, HYBRIDIZATION OF ORBITALS AND THE SHAPES OF MOLECULES, sp2 Hybridization, ISOMERISM 12
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• Chapter 8 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
  INTRODUCTION, NOMENCLATURE, Common or Trivial Names, IUPAC Names, Nomenclature of Alkane, Nomenclature of Alkanes, Nomenclature of Alkyne, ALKANES OR PARAFFINS, General Methods of Preparations, Physical Properties, Reactivity of Alkanes, Reactions, Uses of Methane, ALKENES, General Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Reactivity of a p-bond, Reactions of Alkenes, Uses of Ethene:, ALKYNES, General Methods of Preparation, Physical Characteristics, Reactivity of Alkynes, Reactions, Uses of Ethyne, Comparison of Reactivities of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes 26
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• Chapter 9 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  INTRODUCTION, NOMENCLATURE, BENZENE, Structure of Benzene, Straight Chain Structures Ruled Out, Kekule´s Structure, X-Ray Studies of Benzene Structure, Modern Concepts About the Structure of Benzene Atomic Orbital Treatment of Benzene, The Stability of Benzene, The Resonance Method, PREPARATION OF BENZENE, REACTIONS OF BENZENE, General Pattern of Reactivity of Benzene Towards Electrophiles, Electrophilic Substitution Reactions, Reactions in which Benzene Ring is Involved, Orientation in Electrophilic Substitution reactions, COMPARISON OF REACTIVITIES OF ALKANES,ALKENES AND BENZENE 17
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• Chapter 10 Alkhl Halides
  INTRODUCTION, NOMENCLATURE OF ALKYL HALIDES, METHODS OF PREPARATION OF ALKYL HALIDES, Method of Prepartion of Alkyl Halides, REACTIVITY OF ALKYL HALIDES, REACTIONS OF ALKYL HALIDES, Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions, Mechanism of Nucelophilic Substuitution Reactions, Nucleophilic Substitution Bimolecular (SN2), Wurtz Synthesis, ß -Elimination Reactions, GRIGNARD REAGENT 12
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• Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
  INTRODUCTION, ALCOHOLS, NOMENCLATURE OF ALCOHOLS, Industrial Prepration of Alcohols, Physical Properties, Reactions of Alcohols, Reactions in w hich C ? O Bond is Broken, R eactions Involving the Cleavage of O ? H bond, Some Other Reactions of Alcohols, DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY ALCOHOLS, USES OF ALCOHOLS, PHENOL, Preparation of Phenol, Physical Properties, Reaction of Phenol, Acidic Behaviour of Phenol, Reactions of Phenol Due to - OH Group, Reaction of Phenol due to Benzene Ring, ETHERS, Nomenclature, Preparation of Ethers, Physical Properties, Chemical Reactivity 23
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• Chapter 12 Aldehydes and Ketones
  1 INTRODUCTION, NOMENCLATURE, PREPARATION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES, REACTIVITY OF CARBONAL GROUP, REACTIONS OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS, Nucleophilic Addition Reactions, Reduction Reactions, Oxidation Reaction, IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUND, USES 10
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• Chapter 13 Carboxylic Acids
  INTRODUCTION, NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACID, Common or Trivial names, The IUPAC Nomenclature, GENERAL METHODS OF PREPARATION, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, REACTIVITY OF CARBOXYL GROUP ( C OH), Reactions of Carboxylic Acids, ACETIC ACID, Laboratory Methods, Manufacture of Acetic Acid, Physical Characteristics, Reactions of Acetic Acid, Uses of Acetic Acid, AMINO ACID, Essential and Non-essential Amino Acids, Nomenclature of Amino Acids, Structure of Amino Acids, Acidic and Basic Characters of Amino Acids, Synthesis of Amino Acid, Reactions of Amino Acids, Tests of Amino Acid, Peptidos and Proteins 23
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• Chapter 14 Macromolecules
  INTRODUCTION, STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS, TYPES OF POLYMERS, POLYMERIZATION PROCESS, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SYNTHETIC POLYMERS, BIOPOLYMERS, Carbohydrates, Classification of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Classfication of Proteins, Structure of Proteins, Denaturation of Proteins, Importance of Proteins, Lipids, Sources of Fats and Oils, Structure and Composition of Fats and Oils, Classification, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Saponification Number, Rancidity of Fats or Oils, Iodine Number, Acid Number, Steroids, Importance of lipids, Enzymes, Classification of Enzyme, Properties of Enzymes, Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity, Importance of Enzymes, Nucleic Acids, Components of Nucleic Acids 32
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• Chapter 15 Common Chemical Industries in Pakistan
  INTRODUCTION, FERTILIZERS, Early History, What are Fertilizers, ELEMENTS ESSENTIAL FOR PLANT GROWTH, Micro-nutrients (Trace elements), Macro-nutrients, Requirement of a Fertilizer, Essential Qualities of a Good Fertilizer, CLASSIFICATION OF FERTILIZERS, Nitrogeneous Fertilizers, Phosphatic Fertilizers, Potassium Fertilizers, Fertilizer Industry in Pakistan, CEMENT, Early History, Definition, Raw Materials, Manufacturing Process of Cement, Wet Process, Setting of Cement, Cement industry in Pakistan, PAPER INDUSTRY, Early History, Definition, Brief Description of the Process, Pulping Processes, Neutral Sulphite Semi Chemical Process, Paper Industry in Pakistan 29
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• Chapter 16 Environmental Chemistry
  INTRODUCTION, Components of the Environment, TYPES OF POLLUTION, Air Pollution, The Effects of Polluted Air on Environment, Water Pollution, FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF WATER, Purification of Water, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, Effects of Dumping Waste in Sea and Rivers, Landfill, Incineration of the Muncipal Solid Waste, Treatment of Industrial Waste, Incineration otlnckistrial and Hazardous Waste, Recycling of Waste 15
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